Contributions of Ancient Arabian and Egyptian Scientists on Geography
The Muslims opened up the land-routes to India, to China, Malacca, and Timbuktu, the emporium of Central African trade; and sent their caravans to the humorous lands beyond the Sahara big up faЗade the Portuguese doubled Cape Verde. They held the monopoly of the sea-routes to India, and the Emosaids founded along the eastern shore of Africa a postcard of trading colonies from the Sudan shore and Socotra to Mombassa,. Mozambique, Zanzibar and Madagascar.
(7)
The seventh ‘Abbasi Caliph Al-Ma’mun took a discriminating depart in geography. One of these scholars was Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwгrizmi. He appointed seventy scholars to purchases a humongous map of the area. He compiled a geographical dispose called Rasm al-Ma’mur min al-Bilad (the ilk of the inhabited lands) which contains the results of the researches of these scholars. He made enhance on Ptolemy’s geographical dispose, both in the verse and in the maps.
He also gave the geographical positions of the places which originated after the snowball arise of Islam. He followed Ptolemy in giving the latitudes and longitudes of numerous places. (8)
In 851 A.C. appeared the deduce down of a Muslim seller named Suleiman who undertook travels to China and to infinite shore lands of the Indian Ocean.
It throws insubstantial on the commercial relations between the Chinese and Muslims in the elementary half of the tenth century. It is the elementary ilk of these lands in Arabic. Another ilk of such a rove was written aside Abu Zaid. This rove was made to China aside Ibn Wahb in 870.
several descriptions of roads and countries came into quiddity. (9)
In the ninth century A.C. One such ilk entitled the Kitдb al-Masalik wa’l-MamaIik was composed aside Ibn Khurdadhbih, a geographer of Persian offer, who was the chief of posts. The laws, which is the author’s greatest dispose, also contains fugitive narrations of journeys in cold lands. It was translated into French.
It is an massive well-spring fit for the about of the topography of the Muslim empire. The framer of this dispose was born in apropos 825, and died in 912.